Golden Kamuy Version
Though the real-life man died June 20, 1869; this series supposes that he survived and takes place a few decades later when he is much older but still a fierce fighter.
Other Versions
Also of note is Hijikata Toshiro, one of the most popular characters from the long-running Gintama manga, who is mostly based off his real-life counterpart in name though he also carries other similarities.