Creation
Iron Monger was created by Mark Gruenwald and Rik Levins and first appeared in Captain America #419. He is a legacy character based on the original Iron Monger created by Denny O’Neil and Mark Bright.
Character Evolution
Cristoph Pfeifer is the 4th person to assume the Iron Monger identity and the 5th to wear the Iron Monger armor. His predecessors to the guise were Obadiah Stane, Yiorgos Krallis and Gregory Smoot. A gangster known as Slagmire wore the armor before Pfeifer but did not use the name Iron Monger. Pfeifer was succeeded as Iron Monger by Ezekiel Stane, the son of the original.